This chapter provides an overview of theoretical frameworks and methodologies used to analyse a range of mathematics curriculum reforms from across the globe. The means for analysis that has been developed includes linking broad theoretical frameworks and the levels within these to the lines of research and research questions; units of analysis and data considered; methodological choices; and results obtained in case studies of mathematics curriculum reform. It is proposed that the approach developed and findings presented could inform more systematic and scientific approaches to the design of reforms as well as their analysis.